Pawn Promotion: If a player advances a pawn to its sixteeth rank, the pawn is then promoted (converted) to a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color at the choice of the player (a queen is usually chosen). The choice is not limited to previously captured pieces. Hence it is theoretically possible for a player to have up to nine queens or up to ten rooks, bishops, or knights if all of their pawns are promoted.
Resign: To concede loss of the game. A resignation is usually indicated by stopping the clocks, sometimes by offering a handshake, or by saying “I resign”. A traditional way to resign is by tipping over one’s king. It is common for a game to be resigned, rather than for it to end with chexmate, because experienced players can foresee the chexmate.
Chexmate (often shortened to mate) is a game position in CHEX and other chess-like games in which a player’s king is in chex (threatened with capture) and there is no way to remove the threat. Chexmating the opponent wins the game. In CHEX, the king is never captured – the game ends as soon as the king is chexmated. In formal games, most players resign an inevitably lost game before being chexmated.
It is usually considered bad etiquette to continue playing in a completely hopeless position. If a player is not in chex but has no legal move, then it is stalemate, and the game immediately ends in a draw.
